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Sadd el-Kafara
Sadd el-Kafara ("Dam of the Infidels") was a masonry embankment dam on Wadi al-Garawi 10 km southeast of Helwan in Helwan Governorate, Egypt. The dam was built around 2650 BC by the ancient Egyptians for flood control and is the oldest dam of such size in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://simscience.org/cracks/advanced/ebnk_hist1.html )〕 Never completed, the dam was under construction for 10–12 years before being destroyed by a flood. It was rediscovered by Georg Schweinfurth in 1885.
==Specifications==
The dam was not finished but was about 111m long and 14m tall with a base width of 98m and crest width of 56m.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010843 )〕 The dam's core was 32m wide and consisted of 60,000 tons of earth and rock-fill. Surrounding the core were two loosely filled rubble and rock-fill layer-walls. The downstream wall was about 37m wide, the upstream wall about 29m wide and they encompassed of material. Encasing the dam were upstream and downstream walls created from limestone ashlars. The ashlars were set but not mortared in stepped rows. Each ashlar was roughly high, wide, long and roughly .〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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